Digital currencies: Everything you need to know

Digital currencies more commonly known as cryptocurrencies are digital analogs to the normal paper currency we use in daily life. Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and many other digital currencies offer new business opportunities, investment opportunities, and global transactions.

WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT DIGITAL CURRENCIES?

There is a high chance that even if you aren’t using these digital currencies every day you are frequently hearing about them. The developers and other people involved in making crypto the new form of local currency mostly use the phrase ‘cryptocurrencies and blockchain are going to eliminate the middleman’.  That is the claim, these services tend to remove the middlemen so that more power can be given to the consumer and provider.

Decentralization:

cryptocurrencies being completely decentralized take away the authority from a single entity, crypto and blockchain records are fungible; new data can be added but no data can be removed, all data that is under verification is available to the network of computers or nodes working on it and the data already validated or published is published in a public domain that anyone can read. It can’t be tempered. For example From websites such as Bscscan, and blockchain.com you can see all the new transactions being done, all this data is available to everyone and Untemperable.

CONSUMER/PROVIDER/MIDDLEMEN?

We just read about these three words, these words that are pretty simple and have a similar context in terms of crypto.

For example

Youtube is a widely known and used platform that allows everyone to post video content then allows everyone to watch that content and collects the data of the person watching or consuming the data sells it to advertisers, makes money, and shares it with creators.

So that is our middleman process where youtube is the middleman, the person making the content is the provider and the person only watching is the consumer.

Cryptocurrencies want to disrupt these middlemen so that whatever money is being made all go to either the consumer or the provider,  there is no central entity in charge of the data or profits.

HOW DO THESE CURRENCIES WORK?

THE ENTIRE PROCESS CAN BE BROKEN INTO PARTS

Let’s say person A wants to share some bitcoins with person B.

Once the user enters the relevant information for the transaction,  the transaction is broadcast to the network of nodes. Nodes store unconfirmed transactions in their memory pool and check whether these are valid 

These transactions are stored in a singular record system like a ledger, known as a blockchain

Blockchain comprises several blocks each record resonates with each record this record contains information such as;

• Transaction information; Sender \ receiver info etc.

• Hash:

• Now hashes are like fingerprints and their use case is simple; to provide uniqueness, each block has a unique hash for that particular information and if any person changes that info they will also change the hash;

• Previous hash;  just to add another layer of security previous hashes information is stored on this block and the previous block would contain the previous block’s hash etc.

• Once the transaction records are complete and propagated across the network.
• Miners compete with each other to validate this transaction, they do this by verifying if the data is correct, the hashes of the previous and the current block match and are correct, in this pool thousands of nodes are competing, and the computer that completes this tedious process first is rewarded with a newly generated bitcoin as the transaction completes and the block gets added to the blockchain, as a rough estimate thousands of new blocks are generated every single day

Current usage of Crypto Currencies:

Currently, crypto is being used in three ways; Commodity, asset, and currency.

1. Commodity

Cryptocurrencies are being used as commodities that can be traded to and fro and people can make money by doing so, just like oil and gold.

Currently, Binance, Coinbase, and other similar services allow us to trade crypto as a commodity.

2. Assets

Assets are those ownerships that offer long-term value, some people hold on to currencies believing they will give them long-term returns

3. Currency

currently, only one country in the world allows its citizens to use crypto as a proper currency. That is El Salvador 🇸🇻, el Salvador accepted BTC as a legal tender in 2021.

Future of Crypto Currencies as a legal tender

Digital currencies would be used as tokens in the future to buy and sell services these tokens would have a value based on their demand just like any real-world currency. The only difference would be that, unlike physical currencies that are controlled by States and central banks, their value can be tempered by a single authority the crypto space would be a safe haven for currencies and these currencies would be controlled by all the holders of the currency new decision, changes, approvals would be done through a common system, where everyone has an equal right to vote or speak and this would lead to the changes that wouldn’t only benefit the elite but everyone joined in the system. 

Cryptocurrencies Regulation

Cryptocurrencies as they are decentralized, are dangerous as well these currencies can’t be traced and we might get to know which addresses are exchanging this currency and how much of it is being exchanged, no one really knows who is behind that particular address and this is why it is being used in illegal activities as well. for example, in 2020 alone 4000cr Indian rupees have been laundered out of India through crypto. In most ransomware attacks like the one that happened in May 2021 USA’s largest oil pipelines were hijacked by hackers and the ransom amount was asked in bitcoins since it can’t be traced. 

Several other cases of money laundering, terror financing, ransomware activities etcetera give governments around the world the to regulate cryptocurrencies and this is the main hurdle in the way of accepting crypto as a legal tender in any country